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Inflammation markers and risk of developing hypertension: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Ahmad Jayedi1, Kazem Rahimi2,3, Leonelo E Bautista4

  • 1Food (salt) Safety Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.

Heart (British Cardiac Society)
|February 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are linked to an increased risk of developing hypertension. This association holds true even at lower inflammation levels, suggesting a continuous risk relationship.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a major global health concern with complex etiology.
  • Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension.
  • Understanding the role of specific inflammation markers can inform risk prediction and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the association between circulating inflammation markers and the future risk of hypertension.
  • To quantify the risk of hypertension associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β.
  • To explore potential dose-response relationships between inflammation markers and hypertension risk.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus up to July 10, 2018.
  • Included studies were prospective and retrospective cohorts examining the association of CRP, hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-1β with hypertension incidence in the general population.
  • Relative risks (RRs) were calculated using fixed-effects/random-effects models, and non-linear dose-response associations were tested.

Main Results:

  • Fourteen prospective cohorts, two retrospective cohorts, and five nested case-control studies involving over 142,000 participants were analyzed.
  • Higher CRP levels (RR 1.23) and hs-CRP (RR 1.20) were associated with increased hypertension risk.
  • Elevated IL-6 (RR 1.51) also showed a significant association, while IL-1β did not reach statistical significance (RR 1.22).
  • A linear dose-response relationship was observed, indicating that hypertension risk increases with rising levels of these inflammation markers.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are significantly associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension.
  • The association between inflammation markers and hypertension risk is evident even within low and intermediate risk categories.
  • These findings underscore the importance of inflammation in hypertension pathogenesis and suggest potential targets for risk stratification and intervention.
Abstract

Keywords:
hypertensioninflammatory markersmeta-analysis

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