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Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product
Published on: August 23, 2019
Co-culture of Bacillus coagulans and Candida utilis efficiently treats Lactobacillus fermentation wastewater
Jiyun Liu1, Peifu Shi1, Shahbaz Ahmad1
1School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Co-culture of Bacillus coagulans and Candida utilis was firstly investigated in the efficient treatment of Lactobacillus fermentation wastewater (LFW) containing total organic carbon (TOC) of 22.0 g/L and total nitrogen (TN) of 2.4 g/L. The utilization of lactic acid by C. utilis was responsible for the relief of feedback inhibition to promote the growth of B. coagulans. The removal ratio of TOC by B. coagulans and C. utilis was only 9.1% and 22.7%, respectively, which was improved to 49.0% by co-culture. The removal ratio of TN by B. coagulans and C. utilis was merely 6.3% and 12.5%, respectively, which was also promoted to 44.6% by co-culture. Both the high growth of B. coagulans and the efficient removal of TOC and TN from LFW was achieved with the co-culture, which is not previously reported and very important in the production of probiotics with the resource utilization of LFW.
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