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Opportunistic diseases in patients with HIV infection in the intensive care unit

G M Kozhevnikova1, S L Voznesenskiy1, T N Ermak2

  • 1Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

Terapevticheskii Arkhiv
|February 1, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Opportunistic diseases and comorbidities are increasing in intensive care unit patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis pneumonia are predominant, with significant shifts in secondary disease presentation since the 1990s.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Intensive care units (ICUs) are crucial for managing severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.
  • HIV patients often present with complex comorbidities and opportunistic infections.
  • Monitoring disease trends in ICUs is vital for adapting treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence and prevalence of opportunistic diseases in ICU patients.
  • To investigate comorbidities in severe HIV infection cases.
  • To compare current secondary disease presentations with historical data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records from a specialized HIV ICU (2014-2016).
  • Comparative study of secondary diseases in HIV patients (1993-1997 vs. 2014-2016).
  • Identification of common opportunistic infections and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Increased patient numbers and decreased mortality in the specialized ICU.
  • Predominant opportunistic infections: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), pneumocystis pneumonia, esophageal candidiasis, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis.
  • Common comorbidities: Chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis with cirrhosis.
  • Significant increases observed in cerebral toxoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, and encephalitis of unspecified etiology compared to the 1990s.

Conclusions:

  • Disease severity is increasing among HIV patients requiring intensive care.
  • Cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis pneumonia remain leading opportunistic infections.
  • Significant evolution in the pattern of secondary diseases in HIV patients over two decades.
Keywords:
HIV infectionICUopportunistic diseases

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