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Accommodation and near visual function in children with albinism.

Eva Karlén1, Lollo Milestad1, Tony Pansell2,3

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|February 1, 2019
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Summary

Children with albinism have reduced accommodative response, impacting near vision. Reading spectacles are beneficial due to their closer habitual reading distance and poor accommodation.

Keywords:
accommodationalbinismnystagmusreading spectaclesvisual acuity

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Visual Science

Background:

  • Albinism is a genetic disorder characterized by reduced visual acuity and other visual pathway developmental issues.
  • Children with albinism often exhibit refractive errors, lack of binocularity, and poor fixation control, affecting overall vision.
  • Reading spectacles are frequently prescribed for individuals with albinism, showing good tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the accommodative response in children with albinism versus a control group.
  • To determine if the accommodative response in albinism is typical or significantly affected.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-two children with albinism and 12 controls underwent optometric examinations.
  • Objective accommodation was measured using WAM-5500 (@ 6 Hz; Grand Seiko) under conditions of minus-lens-blur (-1 to -3 D) and sustained near viewing (20 cm for 5 min).

Main Results:

  • Children with albinism demonstrated significantly reduced accommodation compared to controls during both minus-lens-blur and sustained near tasks (p < 0.001).
  • Higher visual acuity in children with albinism correlated positively with a better accommodative response (r ≥ 0.5; p ≤ 0.04).
  • Subjective and objective accommodation measures did not correlate, and habitual reading distance was closer than measured accommodation points.

Conclusions:

  • Children with albinism benefit from reading spectacles due to their closer habitual reading distance and impaired accommodation.
  • Objective accommodation measurement is not essential for assessing near visual function in this population.
  • Children already using reading spectacles exhibited the least accommodative response.