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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Pulmonary Embolism in Children.

Nidhya Navanandan, Jill Stein1, Rakesh D Mistry

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Pediatric pulmonary embolism (PE) is rare but serious. This review covers PE pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management in children, highlighting sparse literature and controversial guidelines.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Pediatric hematology
  • Pediatric pulmonology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an uncommon yet life-threatening condition in children.
  • Increased awareness of pediatric PE is linked to improved systemic disease survival and advanced diagnostics.
  • Literature on pediatric PE is sparse, leading to controversial management guidelines extrapolated from adult data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the background and pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children.
  • To outline the current diagnostic approaches for pediatric PE.
  • To discuss recommended management strategies for PE in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric pulmonary embolism.
  • Synthesis of information on VTE pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic modalities and treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary embolism in children, though rare, requires careful consideration.
  • Current management guidelines are largely based on adult data and require further pediatric-specific research.
  • Improved diagnostics and survival in critically ill children have increased the identification of PE.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric pulmonary embolism necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its unique aspects.
  • Further research is crucial to develop evidence-based, child-specific guidelines for PE diagnosis and management.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal outcomes in children with PE.