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The Human Ocular Surface Fungal Microbiome.

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Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a diverse fungal microbiome on healthy human ocular surfaces, identifying 65 genera compared to only one with traditional methods. Age influences fungal diversity on the conjunctiva.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The human ocular surface hosts a complex microbiome.
  • Understanding the fungal component of this microbiome is crucial for ocular health.
  • Previous studies using traditional methods have underestimated fungal diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the fungal microbiome of healthy human eyes using next-generation sequencing (NGS).
  • To compare fungal diversity detected by NGS versus conventional culture methods.

Main Methods:

  • Samples of conjunctiva from healthy individuals were collected.
  • DNA was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was amplified.
  • Amplicon sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify fungal genera and assess diversity.

Main Results:

  • NGS detected fungi in 73.5% of samples, identifying 65 genera, significantly more than the 12.5% detection rate and single genus (Aspergillus) found by culture.
  • Commonly detected genera included Aspergillus, Setosphaeria, Malassezia, and Haematonectria.
  • Fungal diversity showed no difference between eyes or by sex, but was influenced by age.

Conclusions:

  • NGS provides a more comprehensive view of the ocular surface fungal microbiome than traditional culture methods.
  • A diverse range of fungal genera are associated with the healthy human conjunctiva.
  • Age is a factor influencing the composition of the ocular fungal microbiome.