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Perinatal risk factors for visuospatial attention and processing dysfunctions at 1 year of age in children born

M J G Kooiker1, R M C Swarte2, L S Smit3

  • 1Vestibular and Oculomotor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Early Human Development
|February 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Preterm infants show modest risks of visuospatial attention deficits. Early monitoring of visual development is crucial for preterm children with respiratory distress or cerebral blood flow issues.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Pediatric ophthalmology
  • Visual processing

Background:

  • Preterm infants face risks for visuospatial attention and processing dysfunctions.
  • Visuospatial attention deficits can be identified early using eye movement responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of visuospatial attention and processing dysfunctions in preterm children at 1-year corrected age.
  • To identify perinatal risk factors associated with these dysfunctions.

Main Methods:

  • 123 preterm infants (26-33 weeks gestation) underwent a nonverbal visuospatial test using eye-tracking at 1 year corrected age.
  • Reaction time to fixation (RTF) was measured for stimuli of varying salience (high, intermediate, low).
  • Prevalence of perinatal risk factors was compared between preterm infants with normal and delayed RTFs.

Main Results:

  • Preterm infants detected 7-20% fewer stimuli than controls, especially for intermediate and low-salience stimuli.
  • Modest delays in RTF were observed in 8-23% of preterm children across different stimulus types.
  • Preterm children with delayed RTFs had a higher prevalence of respiratory failure and intraventricular hemorrhages.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm children born between 26-32 weeks have an 8-23% risk of visuospatial attention and processing dysfunction.
  • Early monitoring of visual development is recommended for preterm infants at risk for respiratory distress and disrupted cerebral blood flow.
Abstract

Keywords:
Children born pretermEye trackingNeurological damagePerinatal risk factorsVisual processingVisuospatial attention orienting

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