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Master Transcription Regulators

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

Master Transcription Regulators

Master Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Published on: December 16, 2016

FoxP3 and Ezh2 regulate Tfr cell suppressive function and transcriptional program.

Shenda Hou^1,2, Rachel L Clement³, Alos Diallo¹

¹Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|February 2, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T (Tfr) cells control antibody production by suppressing T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. This study reveals the transcriptional program for Tfr function and identifies dysfunctional ex-Tfr cells.

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Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

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Published on: December 16, 2016

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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Published on: June 15, 2016

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4⁺FOXP3⁺ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4⁺ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are a subset of regulatory T cells that inhibit antibody production.
Tfr cells counteract the function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, indicating distinct cellular programming.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the transcriptional program governing the suppressive function of Tfr cells.
To investigate the roles of FoxP3 and EZH2 in Tfr cell programming.
To identify and characterize Tfr cell populations with altered functionality.

Main Methods:

Transcriptional profiling of Tfr cells.
Analysis of transcription factor FoxP3 and chromatin-modifying enzyme EZH2 function.
Identification and characterization of ex-Tfr cells.

Main Results:

Tfr cells possess a unique transcriptional program for suppressive function, influenced by the tissue microenvironment.
FoxP3 and EZH2 are crucial for Tfr cell programming, with FoxP3 modifying the Tfh program for suppression.
A population of dysfunctional ex-Tfr cells, which have lost the Tfr program, was identified.

Conclusions:

The study reveals key mechanisms controlling the Tfr cell transcriptional program.
Dysfunctional ex-Tfr cells may play a role in pathogenic antibody responses.
Failure in Tfr cell programming mechanisms can lead to altered immune responses.