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¹School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK. p.hoffman@ed.ac.uk.

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Summary

Maintaining speech coherence is vital for communication and declines with age. This study identifies brain regions, including the inferior and rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, crucial for coherent speech production in older adults.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Linguistics

Background:

Effective communication relies on coherent speech, a skill that often declines with age.
Older adults tend to produce more tangential and off-topic speech.
Neural underpinnings of speech coherence, particularly in aging populations, remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the neural systems supporting speech coherence in healthy older adults.
To identify the brain regions associated with producing coherent speech.
To explore the relationship between computational linguistic analysis of speech and neural activity.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to monitor brain activity during extended speech production.
Healthy older adults participated in the study.
Computational linguistic analyses quantified the coherence of spoken utterances.

Main Results:

Highly coherent speech production correlated with increased activity in bilateral inferior prefrontal cortex (BA45).
This area is known for its role in selecting task-relevant information from semantic memory.
Increased activity in bilateral rostrolateral prefrontal cortex (BA10) was also observed, linked to planning complex behaviors.
These prefrontal regions are critical for maintaining speech coherence.

Conclusions:

Neural activity during spontaneous speech production can be predicted by analyzing speech content.
Multiple prefrontal cortex systems contribute to maintaining coherence in speech.
This research provides novel insights into the neural basis of age-related changes in speech coherence.