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Related Concept Videos

Numerical Calculations01:24

Numerical Calculations

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In engineering applications, the representation of the numerical value is critical. Presenting or reporting the answer is one of the essential parts of engineering practices. Numerical calculations are performed using handheld calculators or computers since numerically accurate answers are always preferred.
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Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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How Data are Classified: Numerical Data00:59

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Data that are countable or measurable in specific units are called numerical or quantitative data. Quantitative data are always numbers. Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring the attributes of a population. Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in a town, and number of students who opt for statistics are examples of quantitative data.
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
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Craniobot: A computer numerical controlled robot for cranial microsurgeries.

Leila Ghanbari1, Mathew L Rynes2, Jia Hu2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.

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|February 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new automated platform, the Craniobot, precisely removes skull sections for brain access. This robotic system enhances microsurgical precision and facilitates advanced neurotechnology use in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Robotics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Advanced neurotechnologies require precise brain access via cranial microsurgery.
  • Current cranial microsurgery demands extensive training due to the delicate, thin skull bone.
  • Automation can improve precision and accessibility of these procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an automated platform for cranial microsurgery.
  • To enable precise skull modifications for neuroscientific research.
  • To reduce the technical barrier for advanced neurotechnology implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Craniobot, integrating automated skull surface profiling with CNC milling.
  • Utilized a low-force contact sensor for accurate skull surface mapping.
  • Performed milling operations based on real-time surface data.

Main Results:

  • Successfully performed automated cranial microsurgical procedures on mice.
  • Achieved precise skull thinning and craniotomies in minutes.
  • Demonstrated the platform's capability for various surgical tasks.

Conclusions:

  • The Craniobot offers a precise and efficient solution for cranial microsurgery.
  • Automation of cranial procedures can significantly benefit neurosurgery and research.
  • This platform can accelerate the adoption of novel neurotechnologies.