Echinostoma population regulation in experimental rodent definitive hosts

Echinostoma population regulation in the experimental rodent host is governed by the capacity of the latter to express an effective regulatory response. Parasite establishment, survival and fecundity are affected by host-related factors such as species, strain and age and by parasite-related factors such as species, age and the burden of infection. The genetic heterogeneity in the regulatory response to infection is marked. The most intensively studied host/echinostome combinations comprise E. caproni and E. trivolvis in the mouse host, for which a range of interesting host-parasite relationships has been demonstrated, including concomitant immunity with rapid expulsion of superimposed infections, a long-lasting resistance to secondary infection, a negatively dose-dependent pattern of expulsion of primary infections, a positively dose-dependent reproductive potential, an infective-dose independency of primary worm establishment, and a range of heterologous antagonistic and synergistic interactions in concurrent infections with related and unrelated parasite species. The Echinostoma/rodent model is highly suitable for studying aspects of parasite population regulation in intestinal trematode infections.