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Current trends in tuberculosis vaccine.

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Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|February 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New tuberculosis (TB) vaccines are urgently needed as the current bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has variable efficacy and safety concerns. This review discusses 12 promising TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials.

Keywords:
BCG vaccineClinical trialsLive-attenuated vaccineViral vector–based vaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, affecting one-third of the world's population.
  • The existing bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine exhibits inconsistent efficacy and poses safety risks for immunocompromised individuals.
  • There is a critical need for novel TB vaccine candidates that surpass BCG's limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current TB vaccine candidates in various phases of clinical trials.
  • To highlight emerging vaccine technologies and their potential applications for TB prevention.
  • To provide an overview of different classifications of TB vaccines based on their intended use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on TB vaccine development.
  • Discussion of various vaccine platforms including DNA, subunit, adjuvant, and live-attenuated vaccines.
  • Exploration of novel delivery systems like viral vectors, nanoparticles, and RNA-lipoplexes.

Main Results:

  • Twelve TB vaccine candidates are currently undergoing clinical trials.
  • A diverse range of vaccine technologies are being investigated, from traditional approaches to cutting-edge methods.
  • Vaccines are categorized by application: conventional, prophylactic, booster, therapeutic, and reinfection preventive.

Conclusions:

  • The development of safe and highly effective TB vaccines is paramount.
  • Further analysis and clinical evaluation of the 12 vaccine candidates are essential.
  • Advancements in vaccine technology offer promising avenues for overcoming TB.