Stage 1 chronic kidney disease in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Obstetrics
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Stage 1 chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by normal kidney function (eGFR >90 mL/min) with urinalysis or ultrasound abnormalities.
• Pregnancy in women with Stage 1 CKD presents diagnostic challenges, as underlying renal diseases may first manifest during gestation.
• Common diagnoses in pregnant patients with Stage 1 CKD include diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review specific diagnoses, clinical features, and management strategies for Stage 1 CKD in pregnancy.
• To outline potential maternal, fetal, and obstetric complications associated with Stage 1 CKD during pregnancy.
• To discuss the prognosis and necessary monitoring for pregnant patients with Stage 1 CKD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies concerning Stage 1 CKD in pregnant populations.
• Analysis of diagnostic challenges and common underlying renal pathologies.
• Categorization and review of maternal, fetal, and obstetric outcomes.

Main Results:

• Pregnant individuals with Stage 1 CKD generally experience favorable outcomes but require vigilant monitoring.
• Hypertension and pre-eclampsia are more prevalent in this patient group.
• Potential complications include renal deterioration, nephrolithiasis, lupus flares, infections, fetal growth restriction, and preterm delivery.

Conclusions:

• Stage 1 CKD in pregnancy necessitates comprehensive monitoring for both maternal and fetal well-being.
• Early identification and management of renal conditions are crucial for optimizing pregnancy outcomes.
• Understanding the spectrum of potential complications guides clinical practice and improves prognosis.