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Malaria and acute kidney injury
Denver D Brown1, Sonia Solomon2, Daniele Lerner2
1Department of Pediatric Nephrology at The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3326 Bainbridge Ave, Bronx, NY, 10029, USA. denvbrow@montefiore.org.
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|February 2, 2019
Summary
Malaria, a mosquito-borne parasitic infection, causes significant global illness and death, particularly in children. Severe malaria can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI), requiring prompt diagnosis in travelers.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Nephrology
- Global Health
Background:
- Malaria is a significant global health concern, transmitted by mosquitos, causing widespread morbidity and mortality.
- While prevalent in developing nations, malaria affects travelers and returning residents in developed countries, posing a risk for severe complications.
- Severe malaria can manifest as multiorgan dysfunction, notably acute kidney injury (AKI).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of malaria-induced acute kidney injury (AKI).
- To elucidate the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of AKI in the context of malaria.
- To emphasize the importance of considering malaria in AKI cases with relevant travel history.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of malaria and its renal complications.
- Analysis of proposed pathophysiological pathways for malaria-induced AKI.
- Synthesis of clinical implications for healthcare providers.
Main Results:
- Malaria affects millions globally, with substantial child mortality.
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of malaria.
- Pathogenesis of malaria-induced AKI involves microcirculatory impediments, inflammation, and metabolic issues.
Conclusions:
- Healthcare providers must consider malaria in patients presenting with AKI and a travel history.
- Early recognition and treatment of malaria are critical for improving outcomes and preventing severe complications like AKI.
- Further understanding of malaria's impact on renal function is essential for effective patient management.
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