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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Shoulder and Elbow Fractures in Athletes.

M Burnier1, J D Barlow1, J Sanchez-Sotelo2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo College of Medicine, Gonda 14, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|February 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing return to sport for athletes with shoulder and elbow fractures involves prioritizing soft tissue preservation. Minimally invasive techniques and stable fixation are key for faster recovery and career longevity.

Keywords:
Athlete fractureClavicle fractureGlenoid fractureMid-shaft humeral fractureScapula fracture

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Shoulder and elbow fractures significantly impact athletic careers.
  • Current management trends focus on soft tissue preservation for expedited recovery in athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management of shoulder and elbow fractures in athletes.
  • To optimize the return to sport (RTS) and analyze treatment effects on return to play (RTP).

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on fracture management in athletic populations.
  • Emphasis on arthroscopic and minimally invasive surgical techniques.
  • Discussion of conservative versus surgical interventions based on fracture type and stability.

Main Results:

  • Arthroscopy is beneficial for intra-articular fractures.
  • Minimally invasive approaches for humeral shaft fractures minimize soft tissue damage.
  • Conservative treatment is suitable for non-articular, stable, minimally displaced fractures.
  • A more aggressive surgical approach, including minimally invasive fixation, is encouraged to preserve vascularity and muscle function.

Conclusions:

  • Preserving soft tissues is critical for athletes' recovery.
  • Minimally invasive and stable fixation strategies enhance return to sport outcomes.
  • Tailored management approaches are essential for optimizing athletic performance post-fracture.