Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Coronary Artery Revascularization
Published on: September 15, 2023
Off-pump Techniques of Surgical Myocardial Revascularization
Guglielmo Actis Dato1, Marco Picichè2
1Cardiac Surgery Department, Mauriziano Hospital, Largo Turati, 10131, Turin, Italy.
Background:
Before the advent of CABG, standardized in the late '60s by Favaloro and Effler, patients with myocardial ischemia underwent indirect and heterogeneous off-pump methods of myocardial revascularization.
Methods & Results:
Indirect revascularization, such as periaortic nerve plexus interruption, Vineberg operation, Sen procedure and, less remotely, TMR Laser and stem cell transplantation, represented some of the ways to achieve myocardial revascularization. Nowadays, direct coronary revascularization is the only established technique and may be performed either on-pump or off-pump.
Conclusion:
The comparison of off-pump and on-pump myocardial revascularization paved the way to an endless debate between the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. In this article, we review the old and current off-pump approaches of surgical myocardial revascularization.
Related Concept Videos
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
Pumped Concrete
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
A household refrigerator removes heat from...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

