Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...

Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development

As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Factors influencing dairy farmers' willingness to share digital animal welfare-related data.

Journal of dairy science·2025

Same author

Directional electrodes in deep brain stimulation: Results of a survey by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS).

Brain & spine·2024

Same author

Treatment of a symptomatic cervical cerebrospinal fluid fistula after full endoscopic cervical foraminotomy with CT-guided epidural fibrin patch.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2023

Same author

Multi-source datasets acquired over Toulouse (France) in 2021 for urban microclimate studies during the CAMCATT/AI4GEO field campaign.

Data in brief·2023

Same author

Phantom-based prospective analysis of the accuracy of photo registration technology in electromagnetic navigation of the frontal skull base.

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·2022

Same author

[Reducing tinnitus intensity : Pilot study to attenuate tonal tinnitus using individually spectrally optimized near-threshold noise].

HNO·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

[Models of tinnitus development : From cochlea to cortex].

P Krauss¹, A Schilling¹, K Tziridis¹

¹Experimentelle HNO-Heilkunde, Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstraße 1, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.

|February 2, 2019

Summary

Subjective tinnitus mechanisms remain unclear. This review examines cochlear damage models and auditory cortex activity, proposing one model may help patients manage tinnitus.

Keywords:

Animal models Auditory threshold Computer simulation Hearing disorders Perception

More Related Videos

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

Imaging the Aging Cochlea with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Imaging the Aging Cochlea with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

Published on: May 10, 2019

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Extracting the Cochlea from a Human Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Protocol

Published on: August 18, 2023

Imaging the Aging Cochlea with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Imaging the Aging Cochlea with Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Oto-neuroscience
Auditory pathway research

Background:

The exact mechanisms behind subjective tinnitus development are not fully understood.
Current models explaining tinnitus etiology are subject to debate.
Most models implicate cochlear damage as the primary event initiating tinnitus.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss prominent mechanistic models of subjective tinnitus.
To present potential tinnitus-related neuronal activity in the auditory cortex.
To highlight a model offering novel perspectives for patient coping strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing scientific literature on tinnitus models.
Analysis of proposed pathways from cochlear damage to auditory cortex.
Conceptual presentation of neuronal activity patterns.

Main Results:

Three primary models of tinnitus development, all initiating with cochlear damage, are discussed.
A potential manifestation of tinnitus-related neuronal activity within the auditory cortex is described.
One reviewed model provides a new perspective on tinnitus management.

Conclusions:

Understanding cochlear damage as a precursor is crucial for tinnitus research.
Auditory cortex activity patterns may reflect tinnitus perception.
A novel model offers potential improvements in patient-reported outcomes and coping mechanisms for tinnitus.