Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Branched-Selective Direct α-Alkylation of Cyclic Ketones with Simple Alkenes
Dong Xing1, Xiaotian Qi2, Daniel Marchant2
1Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Abstract:
Herein, we describe an intermolecular direct branched-selective α-alkylation of cyclic ketones with simple alkenes as the alkylation agents. Through an enamine-transition metal cooperative catalysis mode, the α-alkylation is realized in an atom- and step-economic manner with excellent branched selectivity for preparing β-branched ketones. Employment of a pair of bulky Brønsted acid and base as additives is responsible for enhanced efficiency. Promising enantioselectivity (74 % ee) has been obtained. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest that a pathway through alkene migratory insertion into the Ir-C bond followed by C-H reductive elimination is involved for the high branched selectivity.
Related Concept Videos
α-Alkylation of Ketones via Enolate Ions
Factors Affecting α-Alkylation of Ketones: Choice of Base
The reaction involving bases like EtO− whose conjugate acid EtOH (pKa = 15.9) is stronger than the ketone (pKa = 19.2) results in an equilibrium mixture with higher ketone concentration. As a consequence,...
Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic halogen to form a...
Base-Promoted α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Mechanism
The reaction begins with the nucleophilic addition between a phosphorus ylide and the carbonyl compound. Due to its carbanionic character, phosphorus ylide acts as a strong nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbonyl group. This generates a charge-separated dipolar intermediate called betaine. The negatively charged oxygen atom and...
Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Alcohols, Alkenes, and Alkynes

