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Large area decontamination after a radiological incident.

Jaleh Semmler1, Wenxing Kuang2, Konstantin Volchek2

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|February 2, 2019
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Summary

Effective decontamination of large areas after radiological incidents is crucial. A chemical formulation removed up to 70% of cobalt-60 and 53% of cesium-137 from asphalt, but rainfall reduced effectiveness.

Keywords:
Aged asphaltConcrete patio stoneDecontaminationHydrophobic and hydrophilic surfacesRadionuclides

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Radiological Protection
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Large-scale radiological incidents necessitate effective area decontamination to prevent widespread contamination and long-term evacuations.
  • Simulating urban surfaces like concrete patio stone and aged asphalt is vital for testing decontamination strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a six-component water-based chemical formulation for decontaminating concrete and asphalt surfaces.
  • To compare the chemical formulation's efficacy against deionized water (simulating rainfall) and assess the impact of multiple applications.

Main Methods:

  • Large coupons of concrete patio stone and aged asphalt were artificially contaminated with Cobalt-60 (60Co) and Cesium-137 (137Cs).
  • Decontamination was performed using a six-component water-based formulation applied via a carpet cleaner, with comparisons to deionized water.
  • The study investigated the effect of rainfall prior to decontamination and the efficacy of multiple chemical applications.

Main Results:

  • Rainfall prior to decontamination significantly lowered the effectiveness of the subsequent chemical treatment on both surface types.
  • Multiple applications of the chemical formulation achieved 65% ± 2% removal of 60Co from concrete and 70% ± 3% from asphalt.
  • Cesium-137 (137Cs) removal was 53% ± 3% from asphalt and a lower 21% ± 8% from concrete patio stone.

Conclusions:

  • The tested chemical formulation shows moderate effectiveness for large-scale decontamination of asphalt and concrete surfaces after radiological contamination.
  • Preceding rainfall negatively impacts decontamination efficiency, highlighting the importance of timing and weather conditions.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the formulation and application methods for improved large-scale radiological decontamination efficacy.