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Behavior problems and executive function impairments in preterm compared to full term preschoolers.

Irene M Loe1, Nicole A Heller1, Maya Chatav1

  • 1Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, MSOB X109, MC 5415, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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|February 2, 2019
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Summary

Preterm (PT) children show more behavior problems and executive function (EF) deficits than full-term (FT) children. Early identification of EF impairments in PT children is recommended for potential intervention.

Keywords:
Behavior problemsExecutive functionPremature birthPreschoolPreterm birth

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Children born preterm (PT) face increased risks for behavioral issues and executive function (EF) deficits.
  • Behavioral differences are noted by age 2, and EF differences as early as infancy in PT children.
  • The co-occurrence of behavior problems and EF deficits in young PT children requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare behavior problems and EF impairment in PT versus full-term (FT) children.
  • To assess the proportion of PT children exhibiting behavior problems or EF impairments.
  • To investigate the relationship between prematurity and developmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Preschoolers born PT (n=82) and FT (n=79) completed an EF test battery.
  • Parents rated behavior problems and EF skills using standardized scales.
  • Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, compared outcomes between PT and FT groups.

Main Results:

  • PT children exhibited more behavior problems and poorer EF scores across all measures compared to FT children.
  • A higher proportion of PT children showed impairments in behavior, parent-rated EF, and performance-based EF.
  • EF impairments were twice as prevalent as behavior impairments within the PT group.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of executive function (EF) impairments in preterm (PT) children is crucial.
  • Future research should explore EF impairments as potential early markers for later difficulties and as targets for intervention.