Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 30, 2026
06:48
Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
Published on: July 29, 2020
5.2K
First Report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae Causing Apple Bitter Rot in Southern Brazil
A C Velho1, M J Stadnik1, L Casanova2
1Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CP 476, 88034-001, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Plant Disease
|February 3, 2019
Summary
Bitter rot, a common apple disease, was identified as Colletotrichum nymphaeae in Santa Catarina, Brazil. This marks the first report of this fungus causing bitter rot in southern Brazil.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Mycology
- Horticulture
Background:
- Bitter rot (BR) is a significant global disease affecting apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), particularly prevalent in warm, humid conditions (25-32°C).
- Previously identified causal agents of BR include Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, and C. fragariae.
- BR symptoms on apples include light brown, sunken lesions that enlarge, darken, and develop a V-shaped pattern towards the fruit core.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the causal agent of bitter rot observed on Gala apples in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
- To confirm the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus on apple fruits.
- To provide the first report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae causing bitter rot in southern Brazil.
Main Methods:
- Fungal isolation from infected apple lesions, followed by pure culture establishment on PDA at 25°C.
- Morphological characterization of conidia and appressoria, including measurements and germination tests.
- Pathogenicity tests on 'Pink Lady' apples using wounded and non-wounded inoculation methods, followed by re-isolation.
- Molecular identification through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes.
Main Results:
- Morphological analysis indicated the causal agent was consistent with Colletotrichum nymphaeae.
- Pathogenicity tests confirmed that the isolated fungal strains caused typical bitter rot symptoms on inoculated apples, fulfilling Koch's postulates.
- Molecular sequencing of ITS and GAPDH regions showed 100% homology to C. nymphaeae, with sequences deposited in GenBank.
Conclusions:
- Colletotrichum nymphaeae was identified as the causal agent of bitter rot on apples in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
- This study represents the first documented occurrence of C. nymphaeae causing bitter rot in apples in southern Brazil.
- C. nymphaeae, part of the C. acutatum species complex, expands the known host range and geographical distribution for this pathogen.
Related Concept Videos
02:57Southern Blot
23.0K
Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...
23.0K
01:24Data Reporting and Recording
5.4K
Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
5.4K
01:25Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report
1.5K
A hand-off report, also known as a change-of-shift report, is a crucial nursing process that ensures the smooth transition of patient care responsibilities between nursing staff.
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:
1.5K
01:21Types of Reports II: Incident or Occurrence Report
1.3K
An Incident or Occurrence Report in a healthcare setting is a crucial document used to record any unexpected occurrence that may or may not have affected a patient, employee, or visitor. Such reports are critical to improving patient safety and include all details leading up to and including the event.
Purposes:
In the healthcare industry, reports play a crucial role in documenting incidents within an agency. The primary objective of these reports is to ensure patient safety, uphold the...
Purposes:
In the healthcare industry, reports play a crucial role in documenting incidents within an agency. The primary objective of these reports is to ensure patient safety, uphold the...
1.3K
01:26Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports
1.0K
Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
Here's an overview of each type:
Telephone Orders
Here's an overview of each type:
Telephone Orders
1.0K
02:11Reporter Genes
13.2K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
13.2K