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Pythium spp. Associated with Rooibos Seedlings, and Their Pathogenicity Toward Rooibos, Lupin, and Oat.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Microbiology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Oomycetes pose a significant threat to rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) cultivation, causing substantial losses in nurseries.
  • Limited information exists regarding the specific oomycete species affecting rooibos production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize oomycete species prevalent in rooibos nurseries and native sites.
  • To assess the pathogenicity of identified oomycetes on rooibos and common rotation crops (lupin and oat).
  • To investigate the potential of nonpathogenic oomycetes in disease management.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular and morphological analyses were performed on 117 oomycete isolates from rooibos nurseries and 33 from native sites.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region was used for Pythium irregulare complex.
  • Pathogenicity tests were conducted on rooibos, lupin, and oat plants.

Main Results:

  • Several Pythium species (P. acanthicum, P. irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. pyrilobum, P. cederbergense, Pythium RB II) and Phytophthora cinnamomi were identified.
  • Pythium irregulare was the most frequently detected species in both nursery and native environments.
  • Most identified oomycete species were pathogenic to rooibos, with varying virulence on lupin and oat. P. mamillatum, P. pyrilobum, and P. myriotylum are newly reported as lupin pathogens, and P. irregulare and P. pyrilobum as oat pathogens.
  • Nonpathogenic Pythium spp. reduced disease severity on lupin and oat but not on rooibos, and even enhanced Phytophthora cinnamomi virulence on lupin.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first comprehensive identification of oomycete species affecting rooibos, highlighting Pythium irregulare as a key pathogen.
  • Pathogenicity varies significantly among oomycete species and host plants, with implications for crop rotation and disease management strategies.
  • Nonpathogenic oomycetes show potential for biocontrol on susceptible crops like lupin and oat, but their efficacy is host-dependent and requires further investigation, especially concerning interactions with other pathogens.