Signaling mechanisms underlying systemic acquired resistance to microbial pathogens

Area of Science:

• Plant pathology
• Molecular biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Plants activate defense mechanisms against pathogens, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR).
• SAR provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum immunity against subsequent infections.
• SAR involves signal generation at infection sites and transport throughout the plant.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on the synthesis and transport of various SAR inducers.
• To discuss the relationships between different SAR-inducing molecules.
• To highlight the role of the plant cuticle in SAR.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on SAR inducers.
• Analysis of known phloem transport routes for SAR signaling molecules.
• Discussion of chemical diversity and functional relationships of SAR inducers.

Main Results:

• A diverse array of molecules, including hormones, metabolites, lipids, and proteins, can induce SAR.
• Specific SAR inducers like salicylic acid and azelaic acid are mobile and transported via the phloem.
• The plant cuticle is essential for SAR signal generation and perception.

Conclusions:

• Understanding SAR inducers' synthesis and transport is crucial for plant defense strategies.
• The interplay between different SAR inducers contributes to robust plant immunity.
• Further research into SAR signaling pathways can lead to novel disease resistance approaches.