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Immunotherapy for genitourinary tumors

Takayuki Nakayama1, Shigehisa Kitano1

  • 1Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association
|February 3, 2019
PubMed

The present review provides an update about the major achievements and recent advances of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and prostate cancer. Although the treatment strategy for renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma includes traditional cancer immunotherapies, such as interleukin-2 and interferon-alfa, the clinical outcomes of these therapies are unsatisfactory. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has drastically changed the treatment strategy for various cancers, including genitourinary cancer. The present review summarizes the approved cancer immunotherapies for renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma and prostate cancer. Furthermore, we review the response evaluation and biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors with a distinctive mode of action that is different from cytotoxic agents. Finally, future perspectives for cancer immunotherapy are discussed.

Keywords:
cancer immunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorprostate cancerrenal cell carcinomaurothelial carcinoma

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