Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Gynecology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) significantly impacts women's quality of life and healthcare costs.
• Past decades saw inconsistent terminology for AUB, necessitating standardized evaluation methods.
• The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) developed consensus-based systems for AUB nomenclature and classification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a systematic evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding.
• To highlight the evolution and importance of standardized AUB classification systems.
• To emphasize the role of the PALM-COEIN system in diagnosing AUB etiology.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical approaches to AUB definition and classification.
• Introduction of FIGO System 1 (2007) for standardized nomenclature.
• Explanation of FIGO System 2 (2011) utilizing the PALM-COEIN classification for etiological diagnosis.

Main Results:

• FIGO System 1 improved global communication regarding AUB.
• FIGO System 2 categorizes AUB causes into structural (PALM) and nonstructural (COEIN) entities.
• Accurate diagnosis of AUB relies on comprehensive patient history, imaging, histopathology, and laboratory evaluations.

Conclusions:

• Systematic evaluation simplifies AUB management and improves patient well-being.
• The PALM-COEIN classification provides a structured framework for understanding AUB causes.
• Standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches are crucial for effective AUB care.