Disparities in gynecologic cancer genetics evaluation

Area of Science:

• Gynecologic Oncology
• Cancer Genetics
• Health Disparities

Background:

• Hereditary factors contribute to 2-5% of endometrial cancers and 15-20% of high-grade ovarian cancers.
• Genetic counseling and testing are crucial for personalized cancer treatment and prevention strategies.
• Existing disparities limit access to genetic services for medically underserved and minority populations in the U.S.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on genetic counseling and testing for gynecologic cancer patients.
• To examine cascade genetic testing in families with identified cancer predisposition mutations.
• To highlight and address disparities in genetic service utilization.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on genetic counseling and testing in gynecologic cancers.
• Analysis of cascade testing uptake in affected families.
• Examination of population-based disparities in genetic service access and utilization.

Main Results:

• Genetic testing identifies hereditary causes in a significant subset of gynecologic cancers.
• Cascade testing is vital for identifying at-risk relatives.
• Significant disparities persist in awareness, access, and utilization of genetic services among minority and underserved groups.

Conclusions:

• Effective cancer care necessitates comprehensive genetic risk assessment and testing for gynecologic cancer patients and families.
• Addressing disparities in genetic services is critical for equitable cancer prevention and treatment.
• Potential remedies should focus on improving awareness, access, and utilization in underserved populations.