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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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The Use of Drip Flow and Rotating Disk Reactors for Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Analysis
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Repurposing ibuprofen to control Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.

Isabel Maria Oliveira1, Anabela Borges2, Fernanda Borges3

  • 1LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
|February 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), effectively controls Staphylococcus aureus planktonic and sessile growth by disrupting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. It significantly reduces metabolic activity and culturability in adhered cells and biofilms.

Keywords:
Antibacterial activityBiofilm controlDrug repurposingIbuprofenNon-antibiotic drugsStaphylococcus aureus

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies, making drug repurposing a promising avenue.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being investigated for potential antimicrobial properties.
  • Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant threat due to its ability to form biofilms and develop antibiotic resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of ibuprofen in controlling pre-established Staphylococcus aureus adhered cells and biofilms.
  • To assess the antibacterial activity and mode of action of ibuprofen against S. aureus, including antibiotic-resistant strains.
  • To explore ibuprofen's potential as a repurposed drug for combating S. aureus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed ibuprofen's effect on adhered S. aureus cells (2h) and 24h biofilms using metabolic activity and culturability assays.
  • Tested ibuprofen against S. aureus strains (CECT 976) and antibiotic-resistant strains (SA1199B, RN4220, XU212).
  • Determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC).
  • Investigated ibuprofen's mode of action by measuring cell permeation (propidium iodide), potassium release, and cell surface hydrophobicity.

Main Results:

  • Ibuprofen treatment led to metabolic reductions up to 80% and loss of culturability in adhered cells and biofilms.
  • Moderate biofilm removal (≤40%) was observed for S. aureus CECT 976, but not for antibiotic-resistant strains.
  • MIC and MBC values ranged from 500-2000 mg/L and 1400->2000 mg/L, respectively.
  • Ibuprofen induced cell permeation, potassium leakage, and altered cell surface hydrophobicity, indicating cytoplasmic membrane destabilization.

Conclusions:

  • Ibuprofen demonstrates significant potential in controlling Staphylococcus aureus planktonic and sessile growth.
  • The drug acts by destabilizing and disrupting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
  • While effective against planktonic cells and biofilms of a susceptible strain, ibuprofen's efficacy against antibiotic-resistant strains requires further investigation.