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Characterization and Reduction of In-Use CH4 Emissions from a Dual Fuel Marine Engine Using Wavelength Modulation

David E Sommer1, Miayan Yeremi1, Jeff Son1

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Researchers developed a portable sensor to measure methane (CH4) emissions from marine engines. Strategies like cylinder deactivation and optimized vessel operation reduced CH4 emissions by up to 33% and potentially 60%.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas with significant emissions from marine engines.
  • Accurate characterization of in-use CH4 emissions is crucial for assessing global warming potential.
  • Existing measurement techniques may not be suitable for real-world, in-use engine conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a low-cost, portable sensor for measuring exhaust stream CH4 emissions.
  • To characterize CH4 emissions from dual-fuel marine engines during normal operation.
  • To identify and evaluate strategies for reducing in-use CH4 emissions from these engines.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a portable wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) system.
  • Performance assessment of the WMS sensor against a flame ionization detector using gas standards.
  • In-situ measurement of exhaust CH4 concentrations on a coastal vessel with dual-fuel engines.
  • Implementation of operational strategies such as cylinder deactivation and load management.

Main Results:

  • The developed WMS sensor accurately measured CH4 concentrations in exhaust streams.
  • Operational adjustments (cylinder deactivation, load optimization) reduced total CH4 emissions by up to 33%.
  • Load-specific emission data informed an improved vessel operation strategy, estimating a 56-60% CH4 reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Real-world engine operation profiles significantly impact global warming potential estimates.
  • The portable WMS sensor is a valuable tool for characterizing and mitigating in-use CH4 emissions.
  • Optimized vessel operation strategies can substantially reduce methane emissions from dual-fuel marine engines.