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OSIRIS-REx Contamination Control Strategy and Implementation.

J P Dworkin1, L A Adelman1,2, T Ajluni1,2

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The OSIRIS-REx mission achieved pristine asteroid sample return from Bennu by defining and implementing strict cleanliness protocols. This ensured the integrity of returned samples for scientific analysis.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Astrobiology
  • Space Mission Engineering

Background:

  • Asteroid sample return missions aim to bring extraterrestrial material to Earth for detailed analysis.
  • Carbonaceous asteroids like Bennu are of significant interest for understanding the early solar system and the origin of life.
  • Ensuring sample pristineity is critical to avoid terrestrial contamination and obtain scientifically valid results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define 'pristine' for the OSIRIS-REx mission within practical constraints.
  • To outline the requirements and implementation strategy for achieving sample pristineity.
  • To detail the methods used for contamination control and characterization.

Main Methods:

  • Defining sample pristineity based on mission expectations and realistic constraints (schedule, budget).
  • Implementing stringent cleaning protocols (Level 100 A/2, <180 ng/cm² amino acids/hydrazine) for sampling hardware.
  • Utilizing witness materials for contamination characterization during assembly, testing, and space exposure.

Main Results:

  • A clear definition of 'pristine' was established and translated into mission requirements.
  • Precision cleaning, material control, and continuous vigilance maintained sampler head cleanliness.
  • Contamination characterization provided a baseline for sample analysis and comparison.

Conclusions:

  • The OSIRIS-REx mission successfully implemented a rigorous contamination control strategy to ensure pristine sample return.
  • Effective communication among diverse teams was essential for achieving the mission's cleanliness objectives.
  • The collected data and archived materials will enable robust comparison with returned Bennu samples.