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Coleoptera of Canada.

Adam J Brunke1, Patrice Bouchard1, Hume B Douglas1

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Biodiversity Assessment
  • Genomic Taxonomy

Background:

  • The beetle fauna of Canada has seen significant growth in recorded species since 1979.
  • Over 600 non-native beetle species are now established in Canada, impacting native ecosystems.
  • Current knowledge of Canadian Coleoptera is incomplete, with many species yet to be documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the current beetle fauna of Canada and estimate unreported diversity.
  • To evaluate the utility of DNA barcoding data for biodiversity assessment in Canadian Coleoptera.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and guide future biodiversity surveys in Canada.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large dataset of over 77,000 Canadian beetle records from the Barcode of Life Datasystems (BOLD).
  • Integrated taxonomic expert knowledge with DNA COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) sequence clusters.
  • Compared Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) with morphologically identified species to estimate diversity.

Main Results:

  • 8,302 beetle species are currently recorded in Canada, a 23% increase since 1979.
  • An estimated 1,000+ beetle species remain to be reported, including new records and undescribed species.
  • DNA barcoding data (BINs) show promise for estimating species diversity, though some families are underrepresented in BOLD.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in documenting Canadian beetle diversity, but substantial work remains.
  • Targeted surveys, particularly in central and western Canada, are crucial for future discoveries.
  • DNA barcoding is a valuable tool for biodiversity assessment, complementing traditional taxonomy.