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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing
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Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells using a low temperature processed TiO interlayer.

Bekele Hailegnaw1, Getachew Adam1,2, Herwig Heilbrunner1

  • 1Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.

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|February 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers improved perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by adding a titanium oxide (TiO2) interlayer. This enhanced device performance, stability, and reduced hysteresis, leading to higher power conversion efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer promising photovoltaic performance but face challenges in stability and hysteresis.
  • Optimizing interfacial layers is crucial for enhancing PSC device efficiency and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a solution-processed titanium oxide (TiO2) interlayer on the performance and stability of inverted mixed-cation-mixed-halide PSCs.
  • To analyze the role of the TiO2 interlayer in reducing device resistance and hysteresis.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of inverted PSCs with and without a low-temperature, solution-processed TiO2 interlayer between PCBM and the Al electrode.
  • Characterization of device performance using current density-voltage (J-V) measurements under AM1.5 solar simulation.
  • Assessment of device stability under operational conditions.

Main Results:

  • The incorporation of a TiO2 interlayer significantly reduced device resistance.
  • Devices with the TiO2 interlayer exhibited improved rectification and enhanced performance metrics, including an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of ~1.1 V, current density (Jsc) of ~21 mA cm-2, fill factor (FF) of ~72%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16%.
  • Improved device stability was observed in PSCs featuring the TiO2 interlayer compared to control devices.

Conclusions:

  • The low-temperature, solution-processed TiO2 interlayer plays a dual role in enhancing PSCs by improving device performance and long-term stability.
  • TiO2 interlayers are effective in mitigating hysteresis and reducing interfacial resistance in inverted PSC architectures.