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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
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Noncoding RNAs and Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Lingzhi Li1,2, Pingping Wang1,2, Haiping Zhao1,2

  • 1Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
|February 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) show promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a severe stroke subtype. Further research into ncRNAs could lead to better treatments and patient monitoring for ICH.

Keywords:
Intracerebral hemorrhagecircRNAexosomelncRNAmiRNAtranscriptome.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke with limited treatment options.
  • Current understanding of ICH pathogenesis and effective biomarkers is lacking.
  • Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in various biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).
  • To explore the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ICH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on ncRNAs in ICH models.
  • Analysis of the functions of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs in ICH.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs are involved in the biological mechanisms of ICH.
  • ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are studied in ICH models.
  • ncRNAs show potential as biomarkers for monitoring ICH progression and injury severity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ncRNA functions can inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for ICH.
  • ncRNAs may serve as valuable biomarkers for predicting ICH injury in clinical settings.