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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...

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Heart
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Obesity and its cardiovascular effects.

Christian Ortega-Loubon¹, Manuel Fernández-Molina², Gauri Singh³

¹Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews

|February 5, 2019

Summary

Obesity negatively impacts cardiovascular health, increasing risks like heart attack and heart failure. Central fat accumulation, not just overall obesity, is linked to worse outcomes due to metabolic changes.

Keywords:

adipose tissue cardiovascular disease inflammation obesity

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Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Physiology
Metabolic Disorders
Obesity Research

Background:

Obesity is a growing global health crisis, with rising prevalence and mortality.
Current measures like BMI do not fully capture body fat distribution and its health implications.
Understanding obesity's cardiovascular effects is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify the effects of obesity on cardiovascular system function and physiology.
To investigate the "obesity paradox" and differing cardiovascular outcomes.
To explore the role of central fat accumulation in cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on obesity and cardiovascular health.
Analysis of studies comparing cardiovascular outcomes in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals.
Examination of the physiological mechanisms linking fat distribution to cardiac dysfunction.

Main Results:

Central fat accumulation in normal/overweight individuals is associated with increased myocardial infarction, heart failure, and all-cause mortality compared to obese individuals.
Excess free fatty acids (FFAs) in obesity shift myocardial metabolism from glucose to FFAs, leading to lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes.
Cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation contributes to insulin resistance, cardiovascular hypertrophy, and reduced heart function.

Conclusions:

Fat tissue is an active endocrine organ, secreting hormones and cytokines.
Central adiposity poses significant cardiovascular risks, potentially exceeding those of generalized obesity.
Metabolic dysregulation driven by lipid accumulation underlies obesity-related cardiovascular complications.