Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

13.5K

Effect of Nutritional Intake on the Body Composition of HIV-Exposed and HIV-Unexposed Preterm and Low Birth Weight

Klara McClunan1, Daniel Gerhardus Nel2,3, Muhammad Ali Dhansay4

  • 11 Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.

Breastfeeding Medicine : the Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
|February 5, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Human breast milk (HBM) is often insufficient for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Fortified HBM showed significant body composition differences in HIV-exposed versus unexposed infants, while NPO infants had altered fat and fat-free mass.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal nutrition
  • Pediatric body composition analysis
  • Human breast milk research

Background:

  • Human breast milk (HBM) may not meet the protein needs of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, potentially impacting their body composition.
  • Understanding the impact of HBM on infant body composition is crucial for optimizing growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effect of HBM on the body composition of preterm VLBW infants, considering HIV exposure.
  • To evaluate the influence of breast milk fortification and nil per os (NPO) duration on infant body composition.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive cross-sectional study included preterm infants with a birth weight of ≤1,200g.
  • Nutritional intake and body composition were monitored over a 28-day follow-up period.
  • Infants received either HBM or fortified HBM, with data analyzed based on HIV exposure and NPO status.

Main Results:

  • No significant body composition differences were found between infants receiving HBM versus fortified HBM.
  • Significant differences in fat mass percentage (FM%) and fat-free mass percentage (FFM%) were observed between HIV-exposed and unexposed infants receiving fortified HBM.
  • Infants kept NPO showed significant differences in FM% and FFM% compared to those not kept NPO.

Conclusions:

  • While HBM fortification did not alter overall body composition, HIV exposure status influenced outcomes in infants receiving fortified HBM.
  • Nil per os (NPO) status was associated with smaller size and altered body composition (lower FM%, higher FFM%).
  • Further research is needed to optimize nutritional strategies for VLBW infants based on HIV status and feeding protocols.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIV exposurebody compositionbreast milk fortifiernil per osnutritional intakespreterm infants

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.4K
Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

32.2K

Related Concept Videos

Composite Bodies00:55

Composite Bodies

A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
Composite bodies have widespread applications in mechanical engineering, from automobiles to aircraft to rockets. For example, an automobile wheel comprises...
1.4K
Composition of Body Fluids01:29

Composition of Body Fluids

Water functions as a solvent accommodating various solutes, which can be categorized under electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Non-electrolytes are usually held together by covalent bonds, restricting them from dissociating in solution, thereby leading to a lack of electrically charged components upon dissolving in water. They are predominantly organic molecules, such as glucose, creatinine, and urea. Electrolytes, on the other hand, are compounds that can break down into ions in water.
2.5K
The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
47.3K
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
6.7K
Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
2.7K
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
2.9K