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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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What is Matter?01:13

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The substance of the universe—from a grain of sand to a star—is called matter. Scientists define matter as anything that occupies space and has mass. An object’s mass and its weight are related concepts, but not quite the same. An object’s mass is the amount of matter contained in the object and is the same whether that object is on Earth or in the zero-gravity environment of outer space. An object’s weight, on the other hand, is its mass as affected by the pull of...
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Assessing the Particulate Matter Removal Abilities of Tree Leaves
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Indoor particulate matter and lung function in children.

Kelechi Isiugo1, Roman Jandarov1, Jennie Cox1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indoor particulate matter (PM) significantly impacts lung function in children with asthma. Exposure to indoor PM, particularly PM2.5 and UVPM, showed a stronger association with reduced lung function compared to outdoor PM.

Keywords:
Asthmatic childrenIndoor particlesLight absorbing particlesLung functionOutdoor particles

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Pediatric Asthma

Background:

  • Increased time spent indoors leads to higher exposure to indoor particulate matter (PM).
  • Indoor PM may disproportionately affect lung function compared to outdoor PM, especially in vulnerable populations like asthmatic children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between indoor and outdoor PM exposure and lung function in children with asthma.
  • To determine if indoor PM components like black carbon (BC) and ultraviolet light absorbing particulate matter (UVPM) are linked to lung function deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous collection of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 and fungal spores from 44 asthmatic children (10-16 years).
  • Optical absorption technique to quantify BC and UVPM in PM2.5.
  • Spirometry to assess lung function (FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75).
  • Principal component analysis and linear mixed-effect models to analyze associations.

Main Results:

  • A one-unit increase in indoor PM (UVPM and PM2.5) was linked to a 4.1% decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio.
  • Increased indoor UVPM (11.3 μg/m³) correlated with significant decreases in percent predicted FEV1/FVC ratio (6.4%) and FEF25-75 (14.7%).
  • Increased indoor PM2.5 (17.7 μg/m³) correlated with significant decreases in percent predicted FEV1/FVC ratio (6.1%) and FEF25-75 (12.9%).
  • Outdoor PM, indoor BC, and indoor fungal spores showed no significant association with lung function.

Conclusions:

  • Indoor PM, specifically PM2.5 and UVPM, is significantly associated with reduced lung function in children with asthma.
  • Indoor PM exposure poses a greater risk to lung function in this population than outdoor PM.
  • Findings highlight the importance of controlling indoor air quality to manage pediatric asthma effectively.