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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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The simplest mechanical waves are associated with simple harmonic motion and repeat themselves for several cycles. These simple harmonic waves can be modeled using a combination of sine and cosine functions. Consider a simplified surface water wave that moves across the water's surface. Unlike complex ocean waves, in surface water waves, water moves vertically, oscillating up and down, whereas the disturbance of the wave moves horizontally through the medium. If a seagull is floating on the...
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Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices on Lithium Niobate
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Tell the Device Password: Smart Device Wi-Fi Connection Based on Audio Waves.

Liang Liu1, Zhaoyang Han2, Liming Fang3

  • 1College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China. liangliu@nuaa.edu.cn.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a secure Wi-Fi connection method for Internet of Things (IoT) devices using audio waves and Multiple Frequency-Shift Keying (MFSK). This novel approach enhances connection security and efficiency for smart devices.

Keywords:
Internet of thingsWi-Fi provisioningaudio wavessmart devices

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly common, but their security is often overlooked by manufacturers.
  • Existing Wi-Fi connection methods like Smart Config have security vulnerabilities and slow data processing.
  • The need for secure and efficient device onboarding in IoT networks is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, secure, and efficient Wi-Fi connection method for IoT devices.
  • To address the security and speed limitations of current IoT device connection protocols.
  • To enhance the overall security of wireless transmissions for smart devices.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new Wi-Fi connection method utilizing audio waves.
  • Implemented Multiple Frequency-Shift Keying (MFSK) for data transmission via sound.
  • Introduced an encryption solution incorporating jamming signals for enhanced security.

Main Results:

  • The audio-wave-based method demonstrates high correctness and efficiency for short-distance connections.
  • Audio waves provide inherent security against eavesdropping compared to traditional methods.
  • The jamming signal encryption significantly boosts transmission security.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed audio-wave MFSK method offers a secure and efficient alternative for connecting IoT devices.
  • This approach enhances IoT device security by leveraging inaudible sound and advanced encryption.
  • Further development can improve the adoption of secure audio-based IoT connectivity.