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Related Concept Videos

Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

369
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
369
Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

295
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
295
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

909
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
909
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

561
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
561
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

472
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
472
Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

675
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
675

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Detecting the Water-soluble Chloride Distribution of Cement Paste in a High-precision Way
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Differences of Curing Effects between a Human and Veterinary Bone Cement.

K M Z Kallol1, M Motalab2, M S Parvej3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. rahilkallol@gmail.com.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Curing time and temperature significantly impact bone cement mechanical properties and implant bonding. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing both human bone cement (HBC) and veterinary bone cement (VBC) performance.

Keywords:
PMMA cementexothermic temperaturemechanical propertiesorthopedicstitanium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Bone cements are critical for orthopedic implant fixation.
  • Variability in cement properties can affect long-term implant stability.
  • Optimizing cement curing is essential for predictable mechanical performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how curing characteristics influence the mechanical behavior of human bone cement (HBC) and veterinary bone cement (VBC).
  • To determine the effect of curing time and temperature on cement-implant bonding strength.
  • To compare the curing-dependent properties of HBC and VBC.

Main Methods:

  • Measured exothermic temperature, flexural strength, hardness, and morphology of HBC and VBC at varying curing times.
  • Assessed shear strength at implant/cement interfaces under static and cyclic loading.
  • Utilized Stryker Simplex P (HBC) and BioMedtrix 3 PMMA (VBC).
  • Cured cements for 30 and 60 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Curing time significantly enhanced flexural strength, hardness, and shear strength for both HBC and VBC (p < 0.05).
  • Observed distinct differences in curing time and temperature profiles between HBC and VBC.
  • Noted significant variations in surface porosity at the implant/cement interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Curing conditions critically influence the mechanical properties and interfacial bonding of bone cements.
  • Differences in curing characteristics between HBC and VBC can lead to varied mechanical behaviors and bonding strengths.
  • Further research into optimizing curing protocols is warranted for improved clinical outcomes.