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Compton-based prompt gamma imaging using ordered origin ensemble algorithm with resolution recovery in proton

Zhiyang Yao1,2, Yongshun Xiao1,2, Zhiqiang Chen3,4

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This study introduces an improved Compton camera algorithm for prompt gamma ray imaging in proton therapy. The new method enhances image quality and speeds up reconstruction for accurate in vivo range verification.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Nuclear Instrumentation
  • Radiotherapy Physics

Background:

  • Prompt gamma ray (PG) imaging using Compton cameras (CC) is crucial for in vivo verification in proton therapy.
  • Current CC limitations include finite spatial/energy resolution, Doppler broadening, and slow reconstruction, hindering real-time application.
  • Standard reconstruction techniques like filtered back-projection and maximum likelihood-expectation maximization are computationally intensive for complex CC data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate modified origin ensembles with resolution recovery (OE-RR) algorithms for enhanced PG imaging.
  • To accelerate the convergence of OE-RR algorithms and improve the quality of PG images.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for non-idealized PG-based proton range verification.

Main Methods:

  • Monte Carlo simulation of a three-stage CZT Compton camera with resolution loss.
  • Detection of prompt gamma rays produced by a proton beam in a water phantom.
  • Application of three modified OE-RR algorithms based on Markov chains for image reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • The modified OE-RR algorithm achieved significant resolution recovery and accurate positional estimation of PG emission.
  • The algorithm accurately identified the peak and distal falloff of the prompt gamma ray emission.
  • Reconstruction times were remarkably faster compared to standard methods, demonstrating improved efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed ordered OE-RR algorithm effectively improves prompt gamma ray image quality and reconstruction speed.
  • This method shows great potential for real-time, in vivo proton range verification in proton therapy.
  • The developed technique addresses key limitations of current Compton camera-based imaging for radiotherapy applications.