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Dietary Niacin Intake Predicts the Decrease of Liver Fat Content During a Lifestyle Intervention.

Katarzyna Linder1,2,3, Caroline Willmann1,2, Konstantinos Kantartzis1,2,3

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High niacin intake significantly reduces liver fat content, especially in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), during lifestyle interventions. This suggests dietary niacin plays a key role in managing liver fat.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Niacin (vitamin B3) influences lipid metabolism by affecting fatty acid flux and hepatic lipid synthesis/oxidation.
  • Niacin's potential role in regulating human liver fat content warrants investigation.
  • Lifestyle interventions are crucial for managing metabolic health in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if dietary niacin intake predicts changes in liver fat content during a lifestyle intervention.
  • To investigate the association between niacin intake and the resolution of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Main Methods:

  • Dietary composition was assessed via diaries in 202 healthy subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes.
  • Liver fat content was measured using 1H-MR spectroscopy.
  • Adipose tissue mass was quantified using magnetic resonance (MR) tomography.

Main Results:

  • Liver fat content decreased by 32% (p < 0.0001) after 9 months of lifestyle intervention.
  • Higher baseline niacin intake was significantly associated with a greater reduction in liver fat (p = 0.004).
  • NAFLD resolved in 23 of 58 subjects; higher niacin intake increased the odds of NAFLD resolution (OR=1.77).

Conclusions:

  • Dietary niacin intake is a significant predictor of liver fat reduction during lifestyle interventions.
  • High niacin consumption may promote the resolution of NAFLD.
  • These findings highlight the importance of niacin in managing hepatic steatosis.