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Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
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Stages of Sleep01:22

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Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
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Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

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Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
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Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

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Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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A distinctive DNA methylation pattern in insufficient sleep.

Alexandra Lahtinen1,2, Sampsa Puttonen3, Päivi Vanttola3

  • 1Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland. alexandra.lahtinen@helsinki.fi.

Scientific Reports
|February 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Short sleep duration is linked to DNA methylation changes, particularly hypomethylation in nervous system development pathways. These findings suggest sleep loss may impact neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Short sleep duration and insomnia increase risks for psychiatric and cardio-metabolic conditions.
  • DNA methylation is crucial for gene expression regulation.
  • Understanding DNA methylation's role in insomnia is vital for mechanistic insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genome-wide DNA methylation patterns associated with insufficient sleep.
  • To explore the relationship between DNA methylation and sleep disorders in community and occupational cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional genome-wide DNA methylation analysis.
  • Analysis of self-reported insufficient sleep in a community sample (79 men).
  • Analysis of shift work disorder in an occupational cohort (26 men).

Main Results:

  • Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were linked to "Nervous System Development" pathways.
  • 78% of DMPs showed hypomethylation in individuals with insufficient sleep across both cohorts.
  • Clusters of DMPs were identified on chromosome 17, including those associated with Smith-Magenis syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient sleep is associated with DNA methylation loss, particularly hypomethylation.
  • Findings suggest sleep loss may influence neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration pathways.
  • Further prospective studies are required to validate these epigenetic associations with sleep loss.