Self-immolation in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Burn Care

Background:

• Self-immolation presents a significant public health challenge globally and within Iran.
• Understanding the epidemiology and characteristics of self-immolation is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the epidemiology and characteristics of self-immolation in Iran.
• To identify key risk factors and outcomes associated with self-immolation in the Iranian population.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2016.
• Searched multiple databases for both English and Persian literature.
• Included 39 studies after screening and quality assessment, applying a Random Effect model for meta-analysis and content analysis for qualitative data.

Main Results:

• Self-immolation affected women more than men, with an estimated incidence rate of 4.5 per 100,000 population.
• It accounted for 16% of hospitalized burns, with an average hospital stay of 12.24 days and a total burnt surface area of 65.3%.
• The mortality rate due to self-immolation was high at 62.1%, with major risk factors including mental health issues, family problems, and spousal relationship difficulties.

Conclusions:

• Despite a relatively low incidence, self-immolation contributes significantly to burn hospitalizations and mortality in Iran.
• The high mortality rate underscores the need for specialized care and highlights the importance of mental health services.
• Implementing psychological consultations and mental health screening within primary healthcare settings is recommended for self-immolation prevention.