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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Ecuador, an upper-middle-income nation, has implemented child health policies aligned with WHO guidelines.
  • Assessing child development, nutritional status, and complementary feeding is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the development, nutritional status, and complementary feeding practices of children aged 12-23 months in Cuenca, Ecuador.
  • To identify challenges within Ecuador's health programs based on the epidemiological profile of infants.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey data collection from children aged 12-23 months in Cuenca, Ecuador.
  • Assessment of child development using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guide-2011.
  • Evaluation of nutritional status using WHO Child Growth Standards-2006, including nutrient density and feeding indicators.

Main Results:

  • 11.7% of children exhibited possible developmental delay, 29.4% were stunted, and 25.3% faced overnutrition.
  • Complementary feeding was adequate in fat and energy but low in iron and zinc.
  • Children with possible developmental delay had significantly lower iron intake (P < .05).
  • Minimum dietary diversity was observed in 30.4% of children, and 47.7% received nutrient supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a concerning epidemiological profile for infants in Ecuador, characterized by developmental delays, malnutrition (stunting and overnutrition), and inadequate micronutrient intake.
  • Low iron intake is associated with developmental delays, underscoring the need for targeted nutritional interventions.
  • Addressing these challenges is critical for the effectiveness of Ecuador's national health programs.