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Hand Assessment for Infants: normative reference values.

Linda Ek1, Ann-Christin Eliasson1, Elisa Sicola2

  • 1Neuropaediatric Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Normative reference values for the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) are now available. These values help identify atypical hand use in infants at risk of cerebral palsy (CP).

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Early identification of developmental differences in infants is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Assessing hand use in infants at risk of cerebral palsy (CP) can provide insights into neurological development.
  • The Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) is a new tool designed to measure hand function in infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative reference values for unilateral and bilateral hand use in infants using the HAI.
  • To create growth and skill acquisition curves for hand use in typically developing infants.
  • To provide a benchmark for identifying deviations in hand use in infants at risk of CP.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 489 HAI assessments from typically developing infants aged 3-10 months in Italy and Sweden.
  • Developed normative growth curves (mean and SD) and skill acquisition curves for HAI items.
  • Investigated correlations with age and differences based on sex, nationality, and hand dominance.

Main Results:

  • Normative growth curves demonstrated a steady increase in mean hand use values and a decrease in standard deviation with age.
  • No significant differences in hand use were found between sexes or nationalities.
  • A negligible mean difference (0.1 raw score) was observed between right and left hand use.

Conclusions:

  • Normative HAI reference values are now available to aid in identifying atypical hand use in infants at risk of CP.
  • Skill acquisition curves indicate the typical age of mastery for HAI items.
  • Typically developing infants generally do not exhibit asymmetry in hand use.