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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

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Hand Transplantation: Current Status and Immunologic Obstacles.

Seong Hyuk Park1, Seok-Chan Eun, Sung Tack Kwon

  • 1From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea.

Experimental and Clinical Transplantation : Official Journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hand transplantation, a composite tissue allotransplantation, offers solutions for complex injuries. Ongoing research aims to improve outcomes and reduce immunosuppression-related morbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Transplantation immunology
  • Composite tissue allotransplantation

Background:

  • Hand transplantation is the most common composite tissue allotransplantation.
  • It addresses complex injuries with structural, functional, and aesthetic deficits.
  • Requires a multidisciplinary team for successful outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current protocols and considerations for hand transplantation.
  • To discuss advancements in immunosuppression and immunoregulation.
  • To highlight areas for future research in hand allotransplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hand transplantation protocols.
  • Analysis of surgical techniques, rehabilitation, and immunosuppression strategies.
  • Examination of nerve regeneration, functional outcomes, and ethical considerations.

Main Results:

  • Hand transplantation is a clinical reality with immunosuppression comparable to solid-organ transplants.
  • Long-term success depends on patient selection, surgical technique, rehabilitation, and immunotherapy.
  • Advances in transplant immunology are shifting focus towards immunoregulation.

Conclusions:

  • Hand transplantation requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach.
  • Further research is needed to optimize functional results and minimize long-term immunosuppression side effects.
  • Understanding and managing the immunological challenges of composite tissue allotransplantation is crucial.