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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...
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Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are essential elements in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in the functionality of amplifiers, memories, and microprocessors. These transistors can be designed as NPN or PNP based on their doping patterns. They consist of three layers: the emitter, base, and collector. The configuration of these layers and their respective doping levels—with N-type or P-type impurities—define the transistor's type and its operational...
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Predicting Precipitation
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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Monolayer Contact Doping of Silicon Surfaces and Nanowires Using Organophosphorus Compounds
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Nanoscale Ion-Doped Polymer Transistors.

Quentin Thiburce1, Alexander Giovannitti2,3, Iain McCulloch2,3,4

  • 1Experimental Solid State Physics Group, Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom.

Nano Letters
|February 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organic transistors with nanoscale channels overcome short-channel effects using dynamic electrochemical doping. This enables high performance for polymer integrated circuits operating at low voltages.

Keywords:
Organic electronicsconjugated polymerion gellarge transconductanceorganic electrochemical transistor (OECT)short-channel transistor

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Organic transistors (OTs) with submicron dimensions often exhibit "short-channel" effects.
  • These effects lead to nonlinear output characteristics and poor current saturation, limiting device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the performance of organic transistors with nanoscale channel lengths.
  • To overcome the limitations imposed by short-channel effects in organic electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing an electrochemically doped polymer semiconductor.
  • Dynamically injecting and removing ions from the bulk of the semiconductor material.
  • Fabricating devices with channel lengths down to 50 nm.

Main Results:

  • Achieved well-defined linear and saturation regimes in output curves for nanoscale devices.
  • Demonstrated very large on-currents comparable to microscale devices.
  • Obtained high on-to-off ratios (10^8) and record transconductances (>10 S m^-1).

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical doping effectively suppresses short-channel effects in nanoscale organic transistors.
  • This approach enables high-gain, high-current polymer integrated circuits.
  • Potential for low-voltage (<1 V) polymer electronics using simple solution processing.