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Advanced microscopy reveals ice crystal growth occurs layer by layer through island nucleation. This process, observed in the quasiliquid layer (QLL), follows the Wilson-Frenkel law, supporting the kink-step-terrace model for melt growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Crystallization dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding crystal-melt interfaces is crucial for crystallization dynamics.
  • Studying melt growth is challenging due to heat diffusion and high growth rates.
  • Quasiliquid layers (QLLs) on ice surfaces are key to understanding crystal growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly visualize the molecular incorporation process during ice crystal melt growth.
  • To investigate the growth mechanism of ice basal faces within QLLs.
  • To validate theoretical models of crystal growth at the molecular level.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced optical microscopy to observe ice basal faces and QLLs.
  • Monitored the growth of ice crystals from a supercooled melt.
  • Analyzed the dynamics of monomolecular island formation and growth.

Main Results:

  • Direct visualization of layer-by-layer growth via two-dimensional nucleation of monomolecular islands.
  • Island lateral growth rates align with the Wilson-Frenkel law.
  • Observed a slowdown in water molecule dynamics at the ice interface.

Conclusions:

  • The layer-by-layer stacking mechanism persists even at the topmost ice layer during melt growth.
  • Results support the applicability of the kink-step-terrace model to melt growth.
  • Provides microscopic insights into crystal growth dynamics at interfaces.