Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.6K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.7K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.7K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.1K
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

14.7K
Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
14.7K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.0K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Joining Characteristics of Ti/Cu Joint Welded by Resistance Spot Welding.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Interfacial Characteristics of Ti/Steel Joints Welded by Resistance Spot Welding with Bi-Interlayer of Nb-Ni.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Unraveling the Distinct Roles of Al and Ca in Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Response of Extruded Mg-Al-Ca Alloys.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Synthesis and characterization of a π-extended nonbenzenoid perylene.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Synergistic Regulation of Lattice Oxygen and Construction of Self-Assembled Heterointerfaces via Fluorine Incorporation for High-Performance CO<b><sub>2</sub></b> Electrolysis in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

A lightweight multimodal image fusion and enhancement method for smoke scenes.

Scientific reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
11:03

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: July 14, 2022

4.1K

Growth Characterization of Intermetallic Compound at the Ti/Al Solid State Interface.

Yangyang Zhao1,2, Jiuyong Li3,4, Ranfeng Qiu5,6

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471039, China. zhaoyy03@163.com.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Titanium-aluminum (Ti-Al) diffusion couples reveal TiAl₃ phase formation at the interface. Growth kinetics shift from reaction-controlled to diffusion-controlled mechanisms with increasing annealing time.

Keywords:
AluminumTiAl3Titaniumgrowth kinetic

More Related Videos

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

19.5K
Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy
11:03

Nanoscale Characterization of Liquid-Solid Interfaces by Coupling Cryo-Focused Ion Beam Milling with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: July 14, 2022

4.1K
Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
05:20

Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials

Published on: January 26, 2014

19.5K
Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Titanium-aluminum (Ti-Al) alloys are crucial in aerospace and automotive industries due to their high specific strength and temperature resistance.
  • Understanding the interfacial reactions and phase formation in Ti-Al diffusion couples is essential for optimizing alloy performance and processing.
  • Solid-state diffusion is a key phenomenon governing the formation of intermetallic compounds at interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interfacial microstructure and growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds formed in Ti-Al diffusion couples.
  • To determine the growth mechanisms and activation energies governing the TiAl₃ phase formation.
  • To analyze the effect of annealing temperature and time on the interfacial evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of Ti-Al diffusion couples using resistance spot welding.
  • Annealing treatments at 823 K, 848 K, and 873 K for up to 112 hours in an ambient atmosphere.
  • Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

Main Results:

  • The formation of a single intermetallic phase, TiAl₃, was observed at the Ti/Al solid-state interface.
  • The growth of the TiAl₃ phase followed a reaction-controlled mechanism initially, transitioning to a diffusion-controlled mechanism over longer annealing periods.
  • Activation energies for the reaction-controlled and diffusion-controlled mechanisms were determined to be 198019 J/mol and 122770 J/mol, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The interfacial growth in Ti-Al diffusion couples is a complex process involving distinct kinetic regimes.
  • The identified activation energies provide critical data for modeling and predicting TiAl₃ layer growth under various thermal conditions.
  • This study contributes to the fundamental understanding of Ti-Al intermetallic compound formation, relevant for material design and manufacturing.