Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Tripeptide-Stabilized Nanoemulsion of Oleic Acid
Published on: February 27, 2019
Oleic acid induces migration through a FFAR1/4, EGFR and AKT-dependent pathway in breast cancer cells
Cleofas Marcial-Medina1, Alejandra Ordoñez-Moreno1, Christian Gonzalez-Reyes1
1Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
Abstract:
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are an energy source, and induce activation of signal transduction pathways that mediate several biological processes. In breast cancer cells, oleic acid (OA) induces proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion, migration and invasion. However, the signal transduction pathways that mediate migration and invasion induced by OA in breast cancer cells have not been studied in detail. We demonstrate here that FFAR1 and FFAR4 mediate migration induced by OA in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Moreover, OA induces migration, invasion, AKT1 and AKT2 activation, 12-LOX secretion and an increase of NFκB-DNA binding activity in breast cancer cells. Cell migration requires FFAR1, FFAR4, EGFR, AKT and PI3K activity, whereas invasion is mediated though a PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. Furthermore, OA promotes relocalization of paxillin to focal contacts and it requires PI3K and EGFR activity, whereas NFκB-DNA binding activity requires PI3K and AKT activity.
Related Concept Videos
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...

