High-Performance Integrated Enzyme Cascade Bioplatform Based on Protein-BiPt Nanochain@Graphene Oxide Hybrid Guided...

Nanozymes provide new opportunities for facilitating next generation artificial enzyme cascade platforms. However, the fabrication of high-performance integrated artificial enzyme cascade (IAEC) bioplatforms based on nanozymes remains a great challenge. A facile and effective self-assembly strategy for constructing an IAEC system based on an inorganic/protein hybrid nanozyme, β-casein-BiPt nanochain@GO (CA-BiPtNC@GO) nanohybrid with unique physicochemical surface properties and hierarchical structures, is introduced here. Due to the synergetic effect of the protein, GO, and Bi³⁺ , the hybrid acts as highly adaptable building blocks to immobilize natural enzymes directly and noncovalently without the loss of enzyme activity. Simultaneously, the CA-BiPtNC@GO nanohybrid exhibits outstanding peroxidase-mimicking activity and works well with natural oxidases, resulting in prominent activity in catalyzing cascade reactions. As a result, the proposed IAEC bioplatform exhibits excellent sensitivity with a wide linear range of 0.5 × 10^-6 to 100 × 10^-6 m and a detection limit of 0.05 × 10^-6 m for glucose. Meticulous design of ingenious hierarchically nanostructured nanozymes with unique physicochemical surface properties can provide a facile and efficient way to immobilize and stabilize nature enzymes using self-assembly instead of chemical processes, and fill the gap in developing robust nanozyme-triggered IAEC systems with applications in the environment, sensing, and synthetic biology.