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Brain-Machine Interface in Chronic Stroke: Randomized Trial Long-Term Follow-up.

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Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) promote lasting motor function recovery in chronic stroke survivors with severe paralysis. This neurorehabilitation strategy shows significant long-term benefits for upper-limb function after intervention.

Keywords:
brain-machine interface (BMI)chronic strokeelectrophysiology (EEG)long-term effectsneurorehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) offer a novel approach for functional recovery in stroke patients.
  • Severe paralysis in chronic stroke survivors presents significant rehabilitation challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term effects of BMI training combined with physiotherapy on motor function in severely paralyzed chronic stroke patients.
  • To assess the durability of motor improvements 6 months post-intervention.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 28 chronic stroke patients with severe hand paresis participated in follow-up assessments.
  • The experimental group (n=16) underwent BMI training using EEG-sensorimotor rhythm desynchronization to control robotic orthoses, while the sham group (n=12) received random movements.
  • Both groups received identical physiotherapy and a home-based program. Motor function (cFMA), EMG, and fMRI were assessed pre-, post-intervention, and 6 months later.

Main Results:

  • The experimental group showed significant long-term improvements in upper-limb Fugl-Meyer assessment (cFMA) scores 6 months post-intervention (P = .015).
  • No significant changes in cFMA scores were observed in the sham group.
  • While EMG activity and Ashworth scores improved in both groups, fMRI-BOLD laterality did not show significant changes over time.

Conclusions:

  • BMI-based rehabilitation facilitates sustained improvements in motor function for chronic stroke patients with severe paresis.
  • This approach is a promising neurorehabilitation strategy for individuals with severe stroke-related motor deficits.